哈佛知識分享:《做生意的三個 S》 - 七集介紹、第一及第二集。
做生意有三個 S: Survive (生存), Sustain (持續), and Succeed (成功).
全文內容:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1grPxQjlN7OUFarSI3KYLgbQL1-7Bw3-X3uPTqV9_mZA/edit?usp=drivesdk
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My hobby 《星期六早餐會》!
七/八/九月份早餐會 Topic: Applying "Michael Porter" to your business: How to compete and win!
哈佛分享: 如何應用「米高波特」於你盤生意? 點競爭? 點贏?
講起哈佛策略教授, 無人出名過 Michael Porter. 有幸我2017年在哈佛親身上過他教的課程, 今次早餐會同你分享,希望對你做生意亦有所啟發。
有興趣參加啦 😃 每次限四位 (包括我)。 人多傾唔到計。
7月/8/9月份,逢星期六早上9時開始,約三小時半。地點中環。
對象: 中小企老闆/創業者/公司管理層,連我限4位。
有興趣參加的話,請 whatsapp 你的名片給 Suki (我助手) (+852) 5566 1335。
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聯絡李根興 whatsapp (+852) 90361143
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1. 先講生存 survive - 即係收入多過支出。連錢都賺唔到,日日蝕做乞衣,唔好講嘢。 絕大部分生意,五年內都係生存唔到!
2. 再講持續性 sustain - 持續地賺到錢,持續地收入多過支出,Sustaining 養活咗99%中小企, 但佢哋永遠都係中小企 ,因為可能幾十年業績都浮浮沉沉!
3. 要成功就講 Succeed, I mean become really really Super Successful - How to win? 就要講策略 Strategy.
Do you have a strategy? 你做生意有無策略?
根據哈佛最出名嘅策略教授 Michael Porter "The first test of a strategy is whether your value proposition is different from your rivals. If you are trying to serve the same customers and meet the same needs and sell at the same relative price, then you don't have a strategy. "
如果你嘅價值主張係同你嘅競爭對手一樣, 即係話你服務緊同一班客, 解決緊同一問題, 收緊差唔多價錢的話, 哈佛教授米高波特就講你係「人做你做」,你「無策略」 。 長遠,你唔會賺大錢! You can only sustain, but cannot be super successful! 咁應該點?
Understanding Michael Porter! 何謂競爭? 何謂策略? 如何勝出? What is competition? What is strategy? How to win?
Michael Porter 相信係仲在生最出名嘅大學策略教授, 佢1979年首次提出嘅 Porter's Five Competitive Forces (行業競爭五大動力), 1980提出嘅 Four Generic Strategies (四個一般策略), 1985年再提出嘅 Value-Chain Analysis (價值鏈分析), 讀過任何 business school 嘅同學都應該學過。 佢今年已經七十四歲, 唔知仲可以教多幾耐書,有幸我2017年去哈佛大學親身上過佢課程,畢生受用。
今次我就一連七集,同你分享呢本書 Understnding Michael Porter。
(1) Competition, what's the right mindset? 你應該點諗「競爭」?
(2) What are the Industry Competitive 5 Forces? 什麼是行業的五大動力? 對你利潤有什麼影響?
(3) Competitive advantage through your value chain 你的企業價值鏈如何令你有競爭優勢?
(4) What is strategy? How do you create value? 什麼是策略 ? 你如何創造價值?
(5) The trade-offs. 要「取」得更多,就要「捨」得更多。 做生意如何「取捨」?
(6) Fit. 成間公司要言行一致! 全部力要向同一個方向走。
(7) Continuity. 持續性,無得急! 路遙知馬力!
有興趣聽多啲,就來我七/八月份星期六嘅早餐會啦! 下一集同你先講 (1) What is competition? what's the right mindset? 乜嘢係「競爭」? 你應該點諗「競爭」?
第一集:
哈佛知識分享:《何謂競爭? 你應點諗競爭?》What is competition? What's the right mindset?
一連七集: 今集同你先講《何謂競爭? 你應點諗競爭?》What is competition? What's the right mindset?
做生意你可以 Me Too, Me Better 或者 .... Me What? 乜嘢? 等陣再講。
Me too, 就係「人做你做」, 你要贏,只能夠鬥平! 同一碟乾炒牛河, 如果一樣味道,你就係要賣平啲,人哋先幫襯你。
Me better,就係你做得叻啲,你做得好啲、快啲、靚啲、新啲, 咁你就可以收貴啲! 你碟乾炒牛河,真材實料的,好味啲,就可以賣貴啲。
可惜前兩者,都係一個零和遊戲。 你贏,就人哋輸。 人哋贏,就你輸。個餅係得咁大,你日日講 market share (市場佔有率),但無新行業價值製造過, 個餅冇大到。
根據哈佛策略教授 Michael Porter, 做生意除咗 Me Too, Me Better, 你要盡量做到 NOT Me Best ... but ME ONLY. Be unique! 你做生意必需具獨特性。
佢話做生意 there is simply NO BEST! 冇話「最好」,因為唔同人客有唔同需要,你嘅產品啱,他們自然有需求。你要「創造需要」!
包括我在內, 之前香港都無「商舖基金」,買賣舖只有鬥平鬥靚。 但如果間鋪又要靚,又賣得平,硬係無錢賺。唯有靠大市升。但萬一唔升? 一個社運/肺炎,馬上個個炒家/投資者停晒。 依家個市好啲, 馬上「短炒」出返曬嚟。 但我覺得做生意係唔可以靠個市升去賺錢。 要個市跌,甚至乎大跌,都搵到食,咁先至係一盤生意。 容許我好自豪地講,社運/肺炎後,我哋買入咗31間香港街舖,沽出咗11間,合共約港幣7.9億嘅街舖,沽得嘅,間間賺錢,論宗數及論回報,都係同期全港 by far,I mean really really by far 最多! 我哋點做? 就係因為我哋行咗 Michael Porter 所講嘅,Be Unique ... be ME ONLY.
根據呢本書,Understanding Michael Porter, 佢講 what's the right mind-set for competition? 你應該點諗競爭?
盡量得,你應該諗 Not be the the best, but be unique。 唔係要做到最好,而係做到最獨特。
Not be number 1, but earn higher returns. 唔係要做到第一,而係要多啲回報,賺多啲錢!
Not focus on market share, but focus on profits. 唔係要市佔率,係要利潤。
Not serve the "best" customer with "best" product, but meet the diverse needs of target customers. 唔係要「最好」嘅產品,畀「最好」嘅客。而係 用唔同嘅產品,滿足唔同顧客嘅需求。
Not compete by imitation, but compete by innovation. 唔係人做你做,而係要創新!
Not ZERO SUM game, but POSITIVE SUM. 唔係「零和遊戲」、互相廝殺, 而係大家從不同層面創造價值, 可以有好多個贏家。
記住競爭,唔代表你一定要贏人。 打到兩敗俱傷,又有乜意思呢? 如果即使你打唔打低人,自己能夠賺多啲錢,咁又 why not? 點解要去打低人呢?
"Strategy explains how an organization, faced with competition, will achieve superior performance. The definition is deceptively simple." by Michael Porter.
好的策略,就係能夠解釋到點解有競爭對手環境下,你公司依然能夠達致較高回報。
Operation effectiveness is different from having a good strategy. 有高嘅營運效率,唔代表有好嘅策略。
Michael Porter 話 Operation effectivness 就好似隻老鼠喺個圈入面係咁跑咁, 無論你點跑得快,你都只係繼續喺個圈入面。 你可以勤力啲、做得快啲、做得好啲,但始終你繼續都係喺個圈入面。
但有好嘅策略,a good strategy , 就能幫你跳出呢個圈,帶去你想去嘅地方。
"If rivals all pursue the "one best way" to compete, they will find themselves on collision course." by Michael Porter
「如果所有競爭對手,都朝著一個「做到最好」的方向競爭, 大家只會撞到頭破血流。」
"Strategic competition means choosing a path different from that of others." by Michael Porter
「策略性競爭是指揀一條同競爭對手唔同的路。」
好似間茶餐廳咁, 你可以炒餸快啲,上菜快啲,服務好啲,埋單走多兩轉, 但係始終都係一間茶餐廳,只係做緊 Me Too 或者 Me Better. 人哋唔去你嗰間,就去另一間,係一個「零和遊戲」。 無論你點做得快啲、好啲,競爭對手一樣都會嘗試追上。 無策略,你會跑得好辛苦。 喺個圈入面繼續跑來跑去。
另一種諗法,或者你可以把間茶餐廳, 變成專做外賣, 加埋其他餐廳上你平台, 加下加下,變下變下,變成間 Deliveroo。同前者一樣,大家都係做食,但你專做外賣,咁你會唔會係 more unique? 更獨特! Earn higher returns, compete by innovation AND 做大啲個餅 positive sum game 呢? 會唔會有原本唔想食茶餐廳嘅人,都叫咗外賣返屋企食呢? Deliveroo 依家倫敦上市嘅市值係超過500億港幣, 試問有幾多間茶餐廳或飲食集團能做到呢?
唔想咁大改變? 試想想賣漢堡包。 麥當勞係全球最大快餐店,唔駛講。 佢嘅漢堡包係賣得最快,最多! 但你識唔識呢個女人? Lynsi Snyder. In-N-Out Burger 第三代接班人。
Michael Porter 話相比起麥當勞,佢唔係要最快最大最多,In-N-Out Burger 係要最新鮮嘅食材,never frozen, never microwaved,最有傳統風味,最具 family tradition 家族色彩, 餐牌/秘方基本上70年都不變過。McDonald / Burger King 餐牌有超過80樣嘢揀,佢只得少過15。
佢要嘅係家庭傳統 family tradition! 佢係要做少啲,做好啲,每人分多啲。雖然每間分店都賺到錢, 以舖比舖,平均每間In-N-Out Burger 舖嘅營業額係每年450萬美金,高過麥當勞的舖平均每年260萬美金,高出七成。每間 In-N-Out 舖嘅 Profit margin 估計高達20%,比同行競爭對手亦高出一倍, 佢就係要特登開少啲,開慢啲。用咗70年時間, 只係開咗三百幾間,全部自己直接經營兼自置物業, 為咗容易管理,絕大部分分店都係喺美國西岸。 佢每開一間分店往往啲人都要大排長龍, 有人揸幾個鐘頭車,甚至乎搭飛機/酒店過夜專登去食。
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因為每間舖賺到錢,個個員工人工都特別高。例如,根據網上薪酬統計網站 Glassdoor.com,In-N-Out Burger 嘅 Store Manager 店長平均人工加花紅,係年薪美金16萬3千元。 麥當勞? 係美國只係4萬4千美金。In-N-Out Burger 高出近3倍。 最基層員工,人工都比市場高出5成。人工高,自然員工做耐啲,平均Store Manager 店長都做17年,員工上下一家人感覺強啲,對人客笑容自然多啲,服務好啲。
比起麥當勞,佢哋唔係鬥快鬥多。In-N-Out Burger 每個客往往都要等成起碼十分鐘先有漢堡包食。提起 Mobile ordering 手機落單, 咁啲人客唔使等咁耐? 聽下佢 CEO Lynsi Snyder 點講?
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Be definition of Michael Porter, In-N-Out Burger is pursuing a different path from that of others. 行緊條自己嘅路。Be unique! Not to be number 1, but to earn higher returns. Not to focus on market share, but on profit. 唔同嘅客有唔同需求,既然自己回報可以高啲,點解需要打低競爭對手呢? Positive Sum Game, 個餅係做大咗! 雖然佢聲稱永遠都唔搞 franchise,永遠唔搞上市,全部自己親自經營,根據2021年福布斯富豪榜,In-N-Out 第三代老闆 Lynsi Snyder 身家現有36億美金,係榜內最年輕女士。 麥當勞嘅創辦人呢? 都唔知去咗邊度!
你呢? 你又打算點樣同人競爭? 記住,Michael Porter 話:
"In the vast majority of businesses, there is simply no such thing as "the best.""
絕大部分嘅生意, 冇嘢叫做絕對嘅「最好」!
BE UNIQUE. 做到 ME ONLY!
"Winning without beating others!" 「唔使打低競爭對手都勝出!」咁先至係「贏」嘅最高境界。
有興趣聽多啲 Michael Porter,就來我七/八月份星期六嘅早餐會啦! 下集我再同你講 (2) What are the Industry Competitive 5 Forces? 什麼是行業的五大動力? 對你利潤有什麼影響?
有時間就睇埋幾年前 CBS 對In-N-Out Burger 嘅報導,家族經歷過幾次嘅悲劇,依家留到第三代,佢哋嘅堅持可能亦對你做生意有所啟發。
第二集:
哈佛知識分享: What are the Industry Competitive 5 Forces? 什麼是行業的五大動力? 對你利潤有什麼影響?
The real point of competition is not to beat rivals. It's to earn profits.
競爭,最重要唔係要打低競爭 對手,而係要賺錢! - My favorite quote from Michael Porter.
今次一連七集同你講 Michael Porter. 上集同你講咗《何謂競爭? 你應點諗競爭?》What is competition? What's the right mindset? 今集同你講 (2) What are the Industry Competitive 5 Forces? 什麼是行業的五大動力? 對你利潤有什麼影響?
巴菲特 Warren Buffett 曾經講過: “When a management with a reputation for brilliance tackles a business with a reputation for poor fundamental economics, it is the reputation of the business that remains intact.”
當好聲譽嘅經理, 遇上差回報聲譽嘅行業,通常係行業嘅聲譽會繼續留低。
因此我經常話「先揀行業,後諗點做!」 做生意就好似賽馬比賽咁,要勝出,行業就係隻馬,老闆就係個騎師。 隻馬識飛嘅,騎師煲兩口煙都能勝出, 如果佢再加把勁, 鞭多兩下,咁就不得了, 可能賺到盤滿缽滿! 但如果隻馬係跛嘅,唔通騎師跑埋一份咩?! 咁就騎師唯有先要醫番好隻馬,再去比賽, 咁勝出機會率才更大。
但如何分析隻馬 (即係個行業) fit 唔 fit? 根據哈佛大學最出名嘅策略教授 Michael Porter,佢1979年首次提出嘅 Porter's Five Competitive Forces (行業競爭五大動力), 從五個層面分析個行業得唔得, 亦都係可以就住呢五個層面加強隻馬嘅競爭力。
分別係:
(1) Bargaining Power of Buyers 買家的議價能力。
(2) Bargaining Power of Suppliers 供應商的議價能力。
(3) Barriers to Entry 入行門檻。
(4) Threat of Substitutes 代替品的威脅。
(5) Internal Rivalry 內部競爭的激烈程度。
近年好多人提出,應再加多第6個:
(6) Availability of Complements 互補商品的存在。
要賺錢就係希望價錢 (Price) 高過成本 (Cost), 相差越大,你就賺錢越多。 但你要賺錢,你要知道你唔單止係同你競爭對手爭緊, 你同一時間係同緊你嘅買家、供應商、代替品、及潛在入行競爭者爭! 逐個逐個同你講,因為:
(1) 越大買家的議價能力 Bargaining Power of Buyers,就會把你價錢越撳低, 因為買家佢哋會講價,所以唔可以太依賴某個買家。
一般嚟講,如果最大嘅客戶佔你超過10%營業額,或者最大五個客戶佔你25%或以上營業額, 你就有customer concentration risk, 過份客戶集中的風險。 因為你好怕佢哋走, 佢哋議價能力就自然提升。 好多廠,某個歐美大客訂單都分分鐘佔咗超過一半生意額, 因此經常畀人牽住鼻子走,好多嘢做,但賺唔到錢。
"Powerful buyers will force prices down or demand more value in the product, thus capturing more of the value for themselves." by Michael Porter
「議價能力強嘅買家,會把價格推低或者對產品要求提升, 從而買家自己得到更大價值。」
包括我自己在內, 前排某大美資基金,管理美金資產幾百億,話同俾我幾十億同我合作投資商舖,但條件多多, 又呢樣又嗰樣 ... 唔只一間,仲有好多其他,我全部 say No。 就係因為我唔想過份依靠某大客,當我無本事。 我想細細間,慢慢增長,玩耐啲。遠遠好過霎時間爆發得太快,遲早市況一逆轉就爆鑊。
我成日話,我每季只係希望集資港幣6000萬,加我自己 top up 25%, 冇咁大個頭,唔好戴咁大頂帽 。我自己個 fund 每季集資,每年淨資產增長四五億港幣,每個月拉勻買入港幣5000萬街舖,沽2000萬,I'm happy! 買下買下,好快就買足1000間街舖。要依賴就依賴我自己,信得過多好多。
為咗增長,你又有冇過份依賴某個或幾個大客呢? 如果佢哋鏈你或者執咗,你又會點呢?
仲有, 唔單止客人大,佢哋嘅議價能力先至強。如果你嘅產品係市場係冇乜差異化, no differentiation, 人做你做, me too strategy, 個個都係度格價的話,佢哋買家議價能力都係好強。因為人哋平一蚊,佢哋就走咗,buyers are very "price sensitive", 你為咗留客,唯有減價。因此,you have to be different, 同其他競爭對手有所唔同, 咁即是你加價,買家都留低幫襯你。 但問心,你盤生意同人哋又有幾唔同呢?
(2) 越大供應商的議價能力 Bargaining Power of Suppliers,就會把你成本提升,因為供應商佢哋會加價。員工、舖嘅業主都係間茶餐廳嘅供應商。 銀行就係財務公司嘅供應商, 我最大嘅供應商就係嗰班沽舖嘅業主, 因為每個月我洗緊五千萬入貨。
"Powerful suppliers will charge higher prices or insist on more favorable terms, lowering industry profitability." by Michael Porter
「議價力強嘅供應商,會收貴啲價錢,或者要求更有利嘅條款 ,導致降低成個行業嘅利潤率。」
香港好多生意都係代理某品牌/產品或 franchise (特許經營)開始,佢哋都係供應商。但如果咁多年不斷都只係靠做代理/franchise,好就好,萬一外國某品牌易手或同第二代唔啱,咁就大鑊。
Michael Porter 話,如果 switching cost (轉換成本)係高嘅, 例如果佢哋要重新當地請人 、重新開舖、重新鋪設個網絡,供應商都可能焗住留低,佢哋嘅 bargaining power (議價能力)會下降。 但如果, 一下子終止代理或 franchise 協議,就所有嘢歸佢,咁你就大鑊! 供應商嘅議價能力極強, 就好似香港嘅7-11咁。
7-11而家在香港開到一千間分店,當中大約400間係特許經營。話就話係特許經營比創業者創業,實質上所有嘢都係歸牛奶公司 (7-11母公司), 加盟者其實只係攞住嚿錢打份工, 話走就走,人客都唔知發生乜事。 問心,你同我都唔知邊間7-11是嗰400間特許經營。咁樣供應商的議價能力 bargaining power of supplier 就極強。 因此, 我認識好多711的加盟者, 勤力守規矩一定搵到食,但發達,住山頂洋樓養番狗?! 我 so far 仲未聽過。
做生意目標,根據 Michael Porter, 就係要把你嘅供應商議價能力降低。 從多啲唔同渠道入貨,流程盡量標準化,好似大家樂/McDonald's 咁,咁對員工既依賴程度亦都會降低。 做代理嘅,就 make sure 即使唔做,啲人物、網絡係歸你。 我識好多朋友,都係一面做代理,另一邊就建立自己品牌, 打長短棍做生意。 代理係短棍(賺錢),自己品牌係長棍(投資),睇長線。
你又打算點降低你對供應商嘅依賴程度, 增強你自己嘅議價能力呢?
(3) 越低入行門檻 Barrier of Entry 就會把你價錢下降及成本提升, 因為多人入嚟爭,自然大家都減價促銷及加價搶人搶貨。
"Entry barriers protect an industry from newcomers who would add new capacity." by Michael Porter
入行門檻會減低新加入者增加產量。 產量多,自然價格下跌。 向供應放入貨都會多咗,亦都會搶高來貨價。 因此做生意嘅你,就要盡將個入行門檻提升。主要有三方法:
(1) 做到好大,有規模經濟(economies of scale), 咁你每件貨生產嘅平均成本就會下降,即是規模報酬遞增(increasing returns to scale), 咁競爭對手就好難入嚟同你爭。
(2) 做到好專, 只要你有某專業知識,人客就會好依賴獨有技能。 例如我自己唔單止淨係投資地產,我係專買街舖。 我唔單止係領展/黑石等大地產基金,大我唔夠他們大,但我係專買香港五六千萬以下街舖嘅商舖基金。 當你做得專,人客自然好難搵替代品。
(3) 當多一個人客使用,對原本個人客價值就提升,this is what we call "Network Effect" (網絡效應)。例如whatsapp/wechat/facebook/youtube,全世界只得你一個人用就冇用,越人用對你嘅價值就提升。
如果你有齊以上三樣嘢,恭喜你,新競爭對手好難入嚟同你爭! 你有排賺錢。 但如果你三樣都冇,你只係 Me too Me Better 嘅策略的話, 我估你只會繼續浮浮沉沉, survive (生存) and sustain (持續)唔難, 但好難 become super successful (好成功).
第四動力 : (4) 越大代替品的威脅 Threat of Substitites 就會把你價格下降, 因為人客可以選擇其他商品,唔駛用你。
"Substitutes - products or services that meet the same basic need as the industry's product in a different way - put a cap on industry profitability. " by Michael Porter
「產品或者服務嘅代替品, 會把整個行業嘅利潤封頂。」
例如 DVD rental 租碟, 令到好多人唔駛買碟. 有 Netflix 嘅 streaming 就唔駛再去租碟。 有高鐵就搭少啲飛機, 有whatsapp就打少啲電話, 有數碼相機就少人用菲林相機。It's all true!
因此你經常都要諗下你嘅行頭會唔會突然間有代替品 substitutes 去衝擊你成個行業。 咁你點應對呢?
包括我自己在內,有網購,就自然落少間舖買嘢。 因此長遠舖價必定受網購影響。 但我只買街舖, 香港有大約有十萬間街舖, 我只想好似7-11咁,當中揸住一千間,我係業主。即1%。 我相信網購點發達,都唔會快過你行過條街口喝入去7-11買包嘢飲。 因此我揀舖都要好小心。 我只買街埔,係因為街舖冇新供應。 網站可以有好多個,商場可以再起一千個,但街鋪無。 啟德、東涌、將軍澳、明日大嶼都好,都係無街舖賣。 物以罕為貴。而我盡量都只買可以做飲食及服務業嘅街舖, 難被網購取代。如果純粹做零售、乾貨,投資就要好小心。
你行頭嘅產品或者服務,又輕唔輕易被替代品取代呢?
最後 (5) 越大內部競爭的激烈程度 Internal Rivalry 價格就越低及成本也越高,因為大家同行都鬥平鬥靚, 可能導致割喉式競爭。
"If rivalry is intense, companies compete away the value they create, passing it on to buyers in lower prices or dissipating it in higher costs of competing." by Michael Porter
如果行頭有割喉式競爭,任何價值製造嘅利潤, 都會因為減價或者成本上升而消失。
咁你又點知道你個行頭易唔易會有割喉式競爭? 睇6樣嘢:
(1) 大家競爭對手係唔係差唔多大細,好多好散。好似街市咁,咁就好容易減價競爭。 但如突然有一兩個大嘅龍頭冒起, 好似百佳/惠康咁,反而會穩定價格。
(2) 大家賣嘅產品差唔多, 好容易格價。 例如手機品牌、電子產品。
(3) 好多人入嚟爭,唔係為錢而爭, 而係為社會貢獻或者國家任務而爭。
(4) 整體行業增長好慢, 甚至乎收縮,變成「困獸鬥」
(5) 產品係 "perishable" 即係 時間係敵人! 呢一刻唔要,之後想要返都唔得。 例如: 酒店房,今晚唔住,聽日就有其他人。 機位今日唔答,聽日就已經飛走咗。 因此今日就大家都要劈價求售。
(6) High Exit Barrier 高離開行業嘅門檻, 好多生意,唔係話走就走,好多面子面俾、好多員工要炒、好多數要找、 老豆、阿爺留落嚟, 阿孫阿仔焗住要做, 有生意但唔識變通嘅,唯有減價。
"Price competition is the most dangerous form of rivalry." by Michael Porter
價格競爭係最危險嘅競爭。
好彩我選擇買舖。因為間間街舖都唔同,有獨特,無炒家會入嚟做蝕本生意,即時今日唔減價賣,一百年後間舖都仲喺度,時間係朋友,舖價仲分分鐘升咗。
自問,平時你又有幾大劈價求售嘅壓力呢? 你點樣可以做得獨特性,唔同人哋割喉式競爭呢? 把時間變成朋友呢?
以上就係 Michael Porter 1979年首次提出嘅 Porter's Five Competitive Forces (行業競爭五大動力), 近年好多人都提倡應該有第六個。
(6) Availability of Complements 互補商品的存在 (仲於有個好嘢!) 。越多就越把價錢提升及成本下降,因為多咗馬路 (車嘅 complements) 就自然更多人想買車, 更多人想買車,就自然車價格上升,每架車生產及銷售成本也下降。
做餐廳嘅,Deliveroo 可能係 complements 互補品, 馬上送外賣成本下降。 做電動車嘅,多啲充電站就係互補品,令到多啲人買電動車。4G/5G 上網快咗,係手機遊戲嘅 completment. 唔同嘅 Apps 都係買手機嘅 completment. 越多人創業,都係我買舖嘅 complement.
Michael Porter 話做生意,就要明白以上五加一項的行業推動力,點樣影響整個行業嘅利潤。 頭五樣,is not Add-Up effect,唔係睇總和,而係只要一個差至極點, 成個行頭及你盤生意好易玩完。
例如有咗手機網上新聞之後, threat of substitute 代替品嘅威脅,舊式嘅報紙檔/雜誌社就執一間少一間。 如果你做餐廳只得一間舖,咁多年來太依賴某業主單一位置, 唔知係咪因為風水好定心頭好,萬一業主一沽舖,下手買家大幅加租,盤生意也馬上玩完。記住 Bargain power of supplier 業主就係你供應商, 如果你冇得搬,佢議價能力就好強。
因此,做生意你就係要盡量想辦法, 把握以上五加一動力,加強你自己嘅生意穩定性及賺錢能力。記住,一開場我話:
The real point of competition is not to beat rivals. It's to earn profits.
競爭,最重要唔係要贏對手,而係要賺錢! 要賺錢,長遠賺得穩定,就要好好把握頭5大動力,把他們盡量推下降,及第6動力盡量拉上升。
有興趣一齊研究下點做? 聽多啲 Michael Porter,就來我七/八月份星期六嘅早餐會啦! 下集我再同你講 (3) Competitive advantage through your value chain 你的企業價值鏈如何令你更具競爭優勢?
。。。。。
My hobby 《星期六早餐會》!
七/八/九月份早餐會 Topic: Applying "Michael Porter" to your business: How to compete and win!
哈佛分享: 如何應用「米高波特」於你盤生意? 點競爭? 點贏?
講起哈佛策略教授, 無人出名過 Michael Porter. 有幸我2017年在哈佛親身上過他教的課程, 今次早餐會同你分享,希望對你做生意亦有所啟發。
有興趣參加啦 😃 每次限四位 (包括我)。 人多傾唔到計。
7月/8月份,逢星期六早上9時開始,約三小時半。地點中環。
對象: 中小企老闆/創業者/公司管理層,連我限4位。
有興趣參加的話,請 whatsapp 你的名片給 Suki (我助手) (+852) 5566 1335。
我唔係靠呢行搵食,免費,我請食早餐 😉 Be friends ..... 有機會到時見你。李根興 Edwin
www.edwinlee.com.hk
www.bwfund.com
聯絡李根興 whatsapp (+852) 90361143
#michael_porter #競爭策略
同時也有11部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過7,890的網紅Teri Timeout,也在其Youtube影片中提到,本年度最陽剛又最性感的MV就是Lil Nas X了😆 喜歡的話記得留言讓我知道,也別忘了訂閱我的頻道和開啟通知哦! Hey all! Make sure to leave a comment to show love, and don’t forget to LIKE, SHARE, and SU...
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on top of it意思 在 謙預 Qianyu.sg Facebook 的最讚貼文
【我親愛的Zoom視訊客人們】
To My Dear Zoom Clients
我忍了真的⋯⋯真的⋯⋯很久,今天過後實在忍無可忍,一定要叮嚀所有過去和未來的客人們。
我年紀很大了,受不了太大的刺激。
拜託,你們可以Zoom好來嗎?😓😑
一、Zoom視訊的視角 = 拍護照照的視角
護照自2020年起就已成為古董,但大家這一生應該有拍過證件照吧!
對了,就是要頭髮整齊,讓我看到你的雙耳、雙眼、鼻子、嘴巴、頸項和肩膀,到胸部。
我批八字時,需要看整個面相。不要讓你一半的臉掉出鏡頭外,這樣很像鍾無艷,也不要嘴巴不見掉,這樣我很像在跟一條羅漢魚視訊。
我看面相包括看你的嘴巴、牙齒和說話時的嘴形。是的,看相就是需要那麼仔細。
如果你的螢幕太低,那就找書本或舊報紙,把螢幕墊高一點。別讓我整一個小時半只看到你的雙下巴,會把你的面相比例給看錯。
不要一直告訴我不好意思,方法是人想出來的。
•
二、光線
太暗,我看你如見鬼。
太亮,我會看不清你的膚色。
拉開窗簾,不要背向陽光。
有必要的話,就直接開燈!
•
三、勿放什麼椰樹沙灘/金門大橋的虛擬背景圖
什麼虛擬背景圖都不要放啦~
我的家美最重要,我不在乎你的家美不美,我只是來看命的。
如果你的Wi-Fi不是很強,電腦功能不是很厲害,這類的虛擬背景圖會讓你的視訊畫面卡卡的。
有時你轉個身,整個右邊不見了,或部份的頭髮少了,讓我覺得我好像在看恐怖片,嚇人啊~
•
四、環境和聲音
有些海外客人其實非常用心。為了與我視訊,特別去買有麥克風的耳機🎧,讓我能更清楚的聽到他們的聲音。😍
沒有使用耳機和麥克風的客人,往往他們的聲音會有種空氣般的回音,如果他們本身講話又小聲,我的耳機聲量開滿,我還是聽得滿辛苦的
也有香港和馬來西亞客人租過會議室、鐘點房間或單人工作室,就是為了不受家人的干擾,能安心的與我視訊。😍
最有趣的是,去年新加坡阻斷措施時,有位男客人跑到屋外的走廊坐在地上與我視訊。只是外頭風聲有點大,我好幾次都聽不清楚他的聲音。
曾有客人在咖啡廳與我視訊。咖啡廳裡的高談闊論聲和器皿的敲擊聲,頻頻從我的耳機闖進我的耳朵,哇~我的耳朵那時真的是活受罪,還要裝一副氣定神閒的樣子。
天啊,兩次過後,我寧願退錢,也不再見這樣的客人了。耳朵只有一對,我要保護好啊!
在這裡聲明:一般我們買手機時的那種有麥克風的耳機,就已能視訊。沒有戴耳機和麥克風的客人,我一概會拒絕諮詢,把費用原銀奉還。
五、孩子
曾試過諮詢的前20分鐘,一直被女客人的小孩打擾,進來哭著要媽媽主持公道。
如果你家中有六歲以下的兒童,會時不時來敲你的門,我建議你還是先別約我。你這樣會分心,無法聽好我交代的事,而我也得一直等你去安撫你的孩子,就無法在限定時間內看完你的八字,這樣對誰都不公平。
六、我只見客人一人
這個規矩,從我一出道就定下來,也清楚的寫在網站上,根本不用一而再的來試探水溫。
但這兩個星期,還是有客人硬闖關,事先安排自己的配偶/孩子坐在電腦的另一面,要他們聽我講他的八字。
我從不改我的規矩,也沒有八字或風水是我非看不可的。
讀書這麼高,連自己的命都不能自己負責,這已經不是能改到命的人了。
你一定要你的配偶陪你聽,那你需要的不是我來教你改命,是你的配偶來安你的心。
將來若還有這樣的事,我會直接中斷視訊,把錢退回去。
七、「我第一次用Zoom!」
可是從報名那天到今天的諮詢,你有兩個月的時間去摸索。
兩個月,怎麼還是錯誤百出?因為客人根本沒有事先準備和練習。
結果我就這樣等了20分鐘,還得等對方下載軟件。
Zoom不難使用,但如果是你沒有花時間去摸索,就不要撒謊,直接說,我就直接退現錢。
品德是改命的資糧,不要為了自己能脫身就隨便編一個漏洞百出的謊,還說自己是好人。這...不會臉皮太厚了嗎?
小事都不願做好,絕對不會成大器。
八、暈車
有些客人用Ipad或手機來視訊。
重點是,他一支手拿著手機,一支手拿筆寫筆記。他一邊寫,另一支手就一邊搖晃。他做在床上,移動一下,手機就彷彿大海嘯幾下🌊
我一天如果見三個這樣客人,我的視線就搖晃了5個小時。工作完畢後,頭也會痛得厲害,無法完成晚上製片的工作。
沒有自拍器三腳架,也應該有些書本或東西來頂著手機。
各位,多點善心,為我著想一下吧⋯⋯
__________________________
To My Dear Zoom Clients
I have been enduring it for a really really long time. That's it! I am gonna put a stop to this after today and send out this reminder to all my past and future clients.
I am getting on in years, and cannot stand too much stimulation.
Please.... can you guys do a proper Zoom?
Number 1: Going on screen in Zoom = Taking a photograph for your passport.
Since 2020, the passport has become something of an antique but I believe everyone has taken some kind of ID photos! Yes, the ones with your neatly combed trusses where I can see both your ears, nose, mouth, neck, shoulder all the way to your chest.
I would like to see your full face during the Bazi Consultation. Please don't allow half your face to fall off the screen and you end up looking like Zhong Wu Yan! Please also don't hide your mouth making me feel like I am talking to a Arrowana.
When I analyze your facial features, it includes your mouth, teeth and the shape of your mouth while you are talking. Yes, it is down to such level of details.
If your PC / Laptop monitor is too low, please find a book or old newspapers and stack it on top. Please don't let me only see your double chin for that 1.5 hours, as I would probably get the proportion of your face wrong.
Don't keep telling me you are apologetic. Think of a way out.
Number 2: The background lighting.
Too dark, you risk looking like a ghost.
Too bright, I cannot figure out your skin color.
Draw open the curtains, but don't face your back to the sunlight.
If necessary, just turn on the lights!
Number 3: Background images of coconut trees on sandy beaches or the Golden Gate Bridge.
There is no need to put on a virtual background. I only care about how my hone looks, I am not bothered by yours. I am only here to see your Bazi.
If your WIFI signal or your PC / Laptop performance is poor, using the virtual background can often make your Zoom video choppy. Sometimes when you turn your body, one side of your body or some part of your hair will disappear. It's really like one of those spooky movies scaring the wits out of me.
•
Number 4: Background environment and noise.
Some of my overseas clients really put in effort for our Zoom sessions. They bought a headset with a mic so that I can hear them properly and vice versa.
Those that did not use a earphone or a headset often sounded echo-ish, and if they spoke softly, I would have to turn on the volume on my side full throttle and still have a hard time trying to hear them.
There are some clients from Hong Kong and Malaysia who would rent meeting rooms, hotel rooms or private work spaces by the hour so as to reduce any disturbance from others and better focus on the Zoom session with me.
I recalled an interesting incident during the Circuit Breaker last year. A client from Singapore Zoom-ed with me along the corridor outside his house. Most of the time, I was hearing the howling of the winds rather than his voice.
Some clients sat themselves in coffee places for our session. These places are often filled with loud chatters and the clanging of cups and plates, and my ears suffered terribly. Yet, I have to continue to be seen as composed and attentive.
Goodness me, after 2 of such experiences, I decided that I rather refund these clients and never see them again. I have only 1 pair of ears and I want to protect them at all costs!
A normal earpiece that comes with the purchase of a handphone is good enough for Zoom video calls. For clients who do not have a earpiece/headset and a mic, I would end the consultation and refund the monies.
•
Number 5: Children
There was once where a session with a female client was repeatedly disrupted by her kids, running in crying for their mother to settle their quarrels. If you have children below 6 years of age, and likely to interrupt our session, I suggest you don't book a consultation with me.
You will be distracted, unable to focus on my advice and I have to wait for you to clear up the situation with your children, eating into the allowable time for me to complete the consultation. This is unfair to both you and me.
•
Number 6: I only meet one person, that is the Client.
I have set this requirement the day I stepped into this line of work, and it is clearly written in my booking form. There is no need to try your luck under any circumstances.
But in the space of 2 weeks, there were some clients who rode their luck and got their spouse / child to sit on the other side of the screen to listen in on our consultation.
I never change my stance, and there is no single client that I cannot afford to lose.
If you insist to have your spouse sit in, it is apparent that you do not need me to help transform your destiny. Rather you really need your spouse to put your heart at ease.
If such things happen the next time, I will end the session immediately and refund the fees.
•
Number 7: "My first time using Zoom"
But you have 2 full months to prepare before our actual consultation. You did not end up wasting time exploring the software and I wasted 20 mins waiting for you to download the software.
Zoom is an easy software to use but if you did not spend the time to familiarize yourself with it, please quit the lies and tell me directly. I will refund the consultation fees on the spot.
Our moral ethics serve as the foundation for our transformation. Stop weaving web of lies to get out of sticky situations, and still claim that you are a good person. Isn't this too thick-skinned?
•
Number 8: Giddy spells
Some clients use Ipad or their handphones for the Zoom session. Crucially, they hold the device with one hand, and take notes with the other. As they write, the other hand holding the phone becomes shaky. If he is doing that on his bed, his handphone would shake like a tsunami wave every time he changes his position.
If I see 3 such clients within a day, it would be 5 hours of shaking visuals for me. That would mean a splitting headache at the end of my work day, and not being able to work on my videos at night.
Even if you don't have a tripod stand, at least prop up the device with a book or something.
Please everyone, please be kind and have mercy on me......
on top of it意思 在 Eric's English Lounge Facebook 的精選貼文
[商業寫作技巧] Jeff Bezos Final Shareholder Letter as Amazon CEO
今天又來分享Presentality的商業英文寫作技巧~
★★★★★★★★★★★★
看貝佐斯致亞馬遜股東的最後一封信,學一些英文寫作小撇步!
上禮拜4月 15 日,亞馬遜創辦人 Jeff Bezos 發表了他 CEO 任內最後一封致股東的信。 歷年來亞馬遜的 shareholder letters 都廣受好評,甚至被許多專家封為美國最會寫股東信的企業之一。
這封信到底寫多好?我們就一起來看看。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
我們先看信的內容架構。大概只有五個部分而已:
1. 回顧:1997到今天,一路走來的成就
2. 價值:計算亞馬遜對社會各方創造的價值
3. 員工:亞馬遜其實對員工不錯,而且承諾未來會更好
4. 環境:亞馬遜對環境永續做的貢獻
5. 結語:世界要我們平凡,但我們要堅持獨特
★★★★★★★★★★★★
這封信的內容架構簡單清晰,聚焦回應股東對亞馬遜的主要批評點。
🎯 針對「亞馬遜對世界是好是壞?」:貝佐斯列出公司對社會各界— 使用者、新創公司、小商家等等 — 所做出的貢獻。
🎯 針對「亞馬遜如何對待員工」:貝佐斯列舉證據,表示亞馬遜其實對員工不錯,但又反過來說:我們未來一定會做的更好!
🎯這兩個寫完,他又加碼闡述亞馬遜對環境永續的貢獻
這就是我們的第一個寫英文文章的重點:
✍️ I. Make it simple & focused
What are the top things your audience is thinking about? Focus on that. Don’t add a lot of other complicated stuff. Simplify and focus.
你的讀者心裡在想什麼?他們對你最大的質疑點有哪些?你的開頭就直接切入重點,回應他們的疑點。
寫英文 — 尤其商業英文 — 最重要的就是簡潔、明瞭、聚焦。
其實呢,我們從貝佐斯用的文字上也看得出來:好的英文是簡單到大部分的人都看得懂的,就像這一段:
If you want to be successful in business (in life, actually), you have to create more than you consume. Your goal should be to create value for everyone you interact with. Any business that doesn’t create value for those it touches, even if it appears successful on the surface, isn’t long for this world. It’s on the way out.
沒有什麼很艱澀,高學歷的人才會用的字。大部分都只有一個音節而已。可能只有 “isn't long for this world” 有些人會需要查 (就是不會活很久的意思)。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
✍️ II. But… Be Conversational
但你有沒有注意到,內容有一點點重複?那一段的最後兩句:“isn’t long for this world” 跟 “It's on the way out” 根本是完全一樣的內容啊!這根本就跟英文寫作老師教我們的原則 — 可以刪的字就刪掉 — 相反對不對?
沒錯。因為這封信的語氣 (並非所有商業寫作),就像是聊天一樣。我們在聊天的時候,是否會為了強調一個重點,用稍微不同的方式,重複同一件事?
所以呢,如果你想要寫出輕鬆一點的語氣,可以適當的「重複」。參考以下的兩種寫法:
•She is the corporate group’s top-ranked sales representative
•She’s by far our best sales rep, just insanely good. Like, nobody else comes close.
第二種比較浪費篇幅,但是否比較親切呢?
★★★★★★★★★★★★
✍️ III. Make it about PEOPLE
當然,除了語氣之外,還有另一個層面非常重要 — 就是說「人」的故事。
貝佐斯在這封信放了非常,非常,非常多的數字:亞馬遜雇用130萬人、超過二億人使用 Prime 服務、近兩萬商家使用平台銷售、亞馬遜為股東創造出1.6兆美元的財富,等等等等的…
看了這些數字,你是否覺得有點無感?
貝佐斯也知道大家看了太多龐大的數字,會漸漸無感,所以他文字一轉,從冰冷的數字,進入到溫暖的故事:
...more than 7/8ths of the shares, representing $1.4 trillion of wealth creation, are owned by others. Who are they? They’re pension funds, universities, and 401(k)s, and they’re Mary and Larry, who sent me this note out of the blue just as I was sitting down to write this shareholder letter:
貝佐斯把焦點帶到一個散戶小股東家庭身上,並且用他們寫給他的一封信,來強調亞馬遜對「普羅大眾」的貢獻。這個很值得大家效法:別只是一味的丟出數據 (理性),也要不時的回到「人」的故事 (感性),才能打動別人。
他用的轉折也很值得學習:列出一個清單,但把你下一段要寫的焦點,放在清單的最後一個,如:
There are many ways to improve your life: eating better, sleeping more, worrying less, and saying NO.
然後轉換主題:說一個有關 saying no 的故事。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
好啦,上述都有點簡單對不對?
💡還需要貝佐斯(或是他的寫手)更高段的一些寫作技巧嗎? 需要的同學請按個讚和留言「It’s all about PEOPLE.」。
完整信件: https://bit.ly/3v9P1a9
on top of it意思 在 Teri Timeout Youtube 的最佳解答
本年度最陽剛又最性感的MV就是Lil Nas X了😆
喜歡的話記得留言讓我知道,也別忘了訂閱我的頻道和開啟通知哦!
Hey all!
Make sure to leave a comment to show love, and don’t forget to LIKE, SHARE, and SUBSCRIBE to my channel and RING THE BELL so you don’t miss anything from me.
-TERI xx
【完整翻譯】Lil Nas X & Jack Harlow - Industry Baby
Baby back, couple racksCouple Grammys on him, couple plaquesThat's a fact, throw it backThrow it back
我回來了 帶著滿架子的獎牌
葛萊美拿了好幾座 白金唱片得了一堆
這一切鐵證如山
所以趕快轉過去熱舞來討好我
And this one is for the championsI ain't lost since I beganFunny how you said it was the endThen I went did it again
這是獻給稱霸的冠軍
踏上路以來 我從來就未曾迷失
你不覺得好笑嗎? 酸民說我玩完了
但我回來了 又大獲全勝
I told you long ago on the roadI got what they waiting for
I don't run from nothing, dogGet your soldiers, tell 'em I ain't layin' low
早在那條老街上 我就說了吧
我有大家引頸期盼的東西
我可不會隨便逃跑
所以告訴你的大軍 我沒有要低調引退的意思
You was never really rooting for me anywayWhen I'm back up at the top, I wanna hear you sayHe don't run from nothin', dogGet your soldiers, tell 'em that the break is over
反正你也從來沒喜歡過我
當我重返榮耀 我要聽到你說
「他不會輕易離場」
所以集結你的大軍 告訴他們休息時間結束了
Need to get this album doneNeed a couple number onеsNeed a plaque on every song
Need mе like one with Nicki now
我得把這張專輯完成
我得再拿下幾座冠軍
我要每一首歌都有白金獎牌
我要和Nicki一起站上高峰
Tell a rap nigga I don't see yaI'm a pop nigga like Bieber
I don't fuck bitches, I'm queer
But these niggas bitches like Madea
告訴嘻哈饒舌仔 我眼裡根本沒有你
我就像小賈斯汀一樣 流行到爆
妹子?我沒興趣 我是酷兒
你們這些酸民就像個老媽子一樣
let's do it
I ain't fall off, I just ain't release my new shit
I blew up, now everybody tryna sue me
You call me Nas, but the hood call me Doobie
開工吧
我沒有跌落神壇 我只是新歌還沒發
我一夕爆紅 現在每個人都想告我
你們叫我Nas 但我家鄉的人叫我Doobie
[Jack Harlow]
My track record so clean, they couldn't wait to just bash meI must be gettin' too flashy, y'all shouldn't have let the world gas me
我沒拿什麼獎 他們等不及就說我沒實力
我肯定是太招搖了 你們不該讓全世界噴爆我
It's too late 'cause I'm here to stay and these girls know that I'm nastyI sent her back to her boyfriend with my handprint on her ass cheek
太遲了 因為老子我已經要在這裡待下
妹子們都愛我
讓我在她的翹臀上留下紅紅的掌印
再回去找她男朋友
City talkin', we takin' notesTell 'em all to keep makin' postsWish he could, but he can't get close
OG so proud of me that he chokin' up while he makin' toasts
I'm the type that you can't control, said I would, then I made it so
謠言四起 我們做著筆記
告訴大家繼續po文吧
他只是羨慕 但他永遠趕不上我
嘻哈大老們為我驕傲 他敬酒的時候還在哽咽
我完全不受控 我就是說到做到
I don't clear up rumors, where's y'all sense of humor?
I'm done makin' jokes 'cause they got old like baby boomers
Turned my haters to consumers, I make vets feel like they juniors
Say your time is comin' soon, but just like Oklahoma
我從來沒在闢謠的 你們難道都沒幽默感嗎
我也不想在開玩笑了 不然怎麼講都是老梗
把我的酸民變粉絲 讓老兵變年輕
你說你的時代已經要來了
Mine is comin' sooner, I'm just a late bloomerI didn't peak in high school, I'm still out here gettin' cuter
All these social networks and computersGot these pussies walkin' 'round like they ain't losers
但我的時代來的更快 我是大器晚成
我在高中不受歡迎 但現在我越來越討喜
這些鍵盤戰士 總是故意說著妹子怎樣 顯得自己比較不魯
☾ ALSO FOLLOW ME ON 追蹤我
Instagram:@teri.timeout
Facebook:https://www.facebook.com/teri.timeout/
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☾ This is not a sponsored video.
0:00 歌曲背景
3:59 歌詞解析
11:34 Industry Plants爭議
13:59 總結
on top of it意思 在 蔡佩軒 Ariel Tsai Youtube 的最讚貼文
BILINGUAL: 中文 CHINESE 00:00|英文 ENGLISH 27:47
Podcast每週四10點一集 👉https://arieltsai.lnk.to/ArielsWhisper_CH
YouTube每週日11點一集👉https://bit.ly/3ucWNiG
今天這集要來跟戀愛大師,喔不對,是曖昧大師Sam,聊聊Dcard上的渣男十大語錄,老實說我覺得每一句都很渣,可能我是女生,實在不能理解男生講這些話到底是什麼意思?!不過對感情有獨到見解的Sam,對每一題都進行精闢的解析,觀點非常有趣!
因為沒辦法當「妹」,所以當「妹妹」、「暫時分開」就是「Yeah!我可以把別的妹了」
原來男生是這樣想的嗎?!快來聽聽Sam是怎麼說的吧!
最後Sam也公開他的理想型條件,喜歡Sam的女生們可要好好聽清楚囉!
今天這集的內容比較活潑,所以節目的最後也送上活潑的《Cheerio》,曖昧卻無法更進一步嗎?!也許是時候說再見了喔!
《Cheerio》歌曲收聽:https://youtu.be/0EaWcjmT3gs
✨
Probably the funniest episode ever on my podcast. Listen to me practice saying f*ck, talk about relationship sh*t, and discuss the most voted top 10 things f*ckboys say with Sam. LOL.
Have you ever gotten these lines before? Do you know what they really mean? Or... are you the one to say it?
Don’t forget to check out the first half of our convo in the previous episode (EP10) if you haven’t already!
**Song at the end: CHEERIO: https://youtu.be/0EaWcjmT3gs
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
秘密計畫終於公佈:我出書了!
✨📕新書《做好自己喜歡的事,就會閃閃發光》✨
Ariel 蔡佩軒的 3 步驟夢想實踐清單
【首刷限量隨書贈:夢想清單記事本】
■ STEP1 談夢想:沒有夢想很正常。不確定自己的夢想,更正常
■ STEP2 寫日記:最糟的都撐過去了。現在,不是最糟的時候
■ STEP3 列清單:堅持不是一個長跑,它是很多一個接一個的短跑
...............................................
📔博客來 (獨家限量親簽版 + 限量夢想記事本)👉https://reurl.cc/AgQQyY
📔博客來👉🏻https://reurl.cc/2bX4Va
📔誠品 (獨家封面版 + 限量夢想記事本)👉🏻https://reurl.cc/9ZMzxx
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📔墊腳石 (贈限量夢想記事本)👉🏻6/3網路及門市開賣
📔讀冊生活👉🏻https://reurl.cc/Agx1Lp
📔三民👉🏻https://reurl.cc/WE5509
...............................................
📔博客來電子書(首賣二週) ─ 新書上線7折、境好電子書展單書再88折、二書85折👉🏻https://reurl.cc/2bX4Va
...............................................
【海外購書】香港、馬來西亞、新加坡實體書店預計7月初可以到貨
📔新加坡、馬來西亞:大眾書店👉🏻https://ppt.cc/fK9FVx
📔香港:香港商務/三聯/中華/誠品/城邦
📔其他:博客來 (海外運送)👉🏻https://tinyurl.com/yegltbc5
📔PChome 全球購物 (103個國家)👉🏻https://global.pchome.com.tw/
-----------------------------------------------------
🔔 SUBSCRIBE訂閱: http://bit.ly/ariel_youtube
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#Ariel悄悄對你說 #ArielsWhisper #Ariel蔡佩軒
on top of it意思 在 酒意思 SIP WITH JOYCE Youtube 的最佳貼文
各位觀眾,酒意思 Sip with Joyce 推出第三支餐酒搭配的短視頻囉!
這次酒意思 Sip with Joyce 邀請到了來自台南的 Gabi Fang 來為我們示範著名的台南小吃:棺材板。 依照往常,Joyce也將分享幾款能與棺材板搭配的葡萄酒喔!趕快來看看這麼有趣的餐酒搭配吧!
詳細的棺材板食譜與推薦酒單請點選以下連結:
https://www.sipwithjoyce.com/food-wine-pairing-videos/wine-pairing-with-coffin-bread
想要知道關於棺材板更詳細的餐酒搭配內容,歡迎到 酒意思Sip with Joyce 的網站看看!
https://www.sipwithjoyce.com/food-wine-pairing/halloween-food-and-wine-pairing-idea
感謝 Gabi 的力挺,為我們製作這道台南的著名小吃:棺材板。如果你對 Gabi 的作品有興趣,歡迎到她的網站:https://fangsbites.tv/看看。
想要找更多、更精采有趣的餐酒搭配請至 酒意思 Sip with Joyce
網站:https://www.sipwithjoyce.com/
臉書:https://www.facebook.com/sipwithjoyce
IG: @joyce_foodnwine | https://www.instagram.com/joyce_foodnwine/
======
What on earth is Coffin Bread? How did the name of the Coffin Bread come about? How to make Coffin Bread? What kind of wine could go with it?
No worries, 酒意思 Sip with Joyce got you covered. In this video, 酒意思 Sip with Joyce teams up with Gabi Fang and have her to show us how to make Coffin Bread. Just keep on watching and you will find all the answers in today's video.
Looking for the recipe of Coffin Bread and wine recommendation, please click the link below.
https://www.sipwithjoyce.com/food-wine-pairing-videos/wine-pairing-with-coffin-bread
To find out more detailed info regarding this pairing, please visit my website: sipwithjoyce.com as I will reveal my top choice of wine to pair with Coffin Bread.
https://www.sipwithjoyce.com/food-wine-pairing/halloween-food-and-wine-pairing-idea
Thank Gabi for joining me and show us how she makes the Coffin Bread, a special snack originated from her hometown. If you are interested in Gabi’s work, please visit her website: https://fangsbites.tv/
Looking for more food and wine pairing ideas, please visit
酒意思 Sip with Joyce Website: https://www.sipwithjoyce.com/
Facebook:https://www.facebook.com/sipwithjoyce
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還有其他的幾個 意思 在某物上面Our school is located on top of a hill. ... You should keep a schedule to help you stay on top of ... <看更多>